Understanding the Types of Solicitors and What They Do
In the legal system a solicitor is a qualified legal professional who provides advice prepares documents and represents clients in various legal matters. Unlike barristers who typically focus on courtroom advocacy solicitors usually handle the preparatory and advisory side of legal work. They are often the first point of contact for clients seeking legal help.
Solicitors can work for private individuals businesses government bodies or charitable organisations. They perform tasks such as drafting contracts negotiating settlements, giving legal opinions and ensuring that their clients comply with the law.
Because the law covers so many areas of life from family relationships to business transactions one solicitor can’t specialise in everything. That’s why solicitors tend to focus on specialist fields developing expertise in particular areas of law. These areas of specialisation are what we call the ‘types of solicitors’.
Different legal problems require different kinds of knowledge, so a person buying a house, for example, will need a conveyancing solicitor while a person facing criminal charges will need a criminal law solicitor. Each type of solicitor deals with a distinct set of rules, processes and professional skills.
What Does a Solicitor Actually Do?
Before looking at the different types, it helps to understand the general duties of a solicitor. A solicitor’s job is to make the law clear, accessible, and workable for clients who often have little or no legal background.
Their typical responsibilities include:
● Advising clients on their rights, obligations, and possible outcomes.
● Preparing and reviewing legal documents such as contracts, wills, deeds, and statements.
● Communicating with third parties like banks, courts and other law firms.
● Negotiating settlements between parties to avoid lengthy court cases.
● Representing clients in tribunals, lower courts or through written submissions.
Solicitors are regulated by the Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA) in England and Wales, ensuring they follow strict professional and ethical standards. They must hold a practising certificate, renew it regularly and maintain professional insurance.
To qualify, aspiring solicitors usually complete a law degree or a graduate diploma in law (GDL), pass the Solicitors Qualifying Examination (SQE) and complete two years of professional training in a law firm (called a training contract or qualifying work experience).
Once qualified, they choose an area of practice and that’s where the speciality, or type of solicitor, comes into play.
What Are the Main Types of Solicitors?
Solicitors can be grouped in many ways by the kind of clients they serve, the industries they work in and the nature of the legal work they handle. However, the most common classification is by area of legal practice.
Let’s explore the most prominent types of solicitors and what each one does.
1. Corporate Solicitors
Corporate solicitors work primarily with businesses. They advise companies on their legal rights, obligations and responsibilities in matters such as contracts, acquisitions, partnerships and compliance.
Their role is crucial in ensuring that business operations run smoothly within the framework of the law. For instance, if two companies want to merge, a corporate solicitor will handle the due diligence process, draft the merger agreement and ensure compliance with competition laws, for example.
They also draft shareholder agreements, review terms and conditions and handle commercial disputes.
Corporate solicitors may work in large commercial law firms serving multiple clients or as in house counsel within a company managing its internal legal affairs.
Key skills include negotiation, analytical thinking and a deep understanding of business law and commercial practices.
2. Family Law Solicitors
Family law solicitors deal with some of the most personal and emotional areas of law. Their clients are usually individuals facing issues like divorce, child custody, domestic abuse or adoption.
A family solicitor’s job is not only legal but also human. They must balance professional guidance with empathy and discretion.
For example, in a divorce case, a family solicitor helps clients negotiate financial settlements, child custody arrangements and the division of property. They also handle pre nuptial and post-nuptial agreements, adoption procedures and domestic violence protection orders, amongst other things.
In many cases, family solicitors aim to resolve disputes through mediation and negotiation rather than litigation. However, they are also prepared to represent clients in family courts if needed.
3. Criminal Law Solicitors
Criminal law solicitors play one of the most critical roles in the justice system. They defend individuals or organisations accused of criminal offences, ranging from minor legal transgressions to serious crimes like fraud, assault or murder.
A criminal solicitor responsibilities can start as early as the police station where they provide advice to clients during interviews. They prepare defence cases, gather evidence and liaise with barristers who may represent their clients in higher courts.
Some criminal solicitors work for the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) prosecuting cases on behalf of the state. Others work in private practice or for legal aid clients who cannot afford private representation.
This area of law requires strong advocacy skills, quick thinking and a commitment to justice, often under challenging circumstances.
4. Conveyancing Solicitors
Buying or selling property can be a complex legal process. That’s where conveyancing solicitors come in.
They handle the transfer of property ownership from one person to another, ensuring that all contracts searches and financial arrangements are properly completed.
Conveyancing solicitors deal with land registry applications mortgage agreements and checks for planning permissions or property disputes.
Their work demands precision and attention to detail any mistake can delay transactions or lead to costly disputes later.
Conveyancers often work with estate agents surveyors and banks, coordinating the process from offer to completion.
5. Employment Solicitors
Employment solicitors advise both employers and employees on workplace law.
They handle issues like wrongful dismissal, workplace discrimination, redundancy and breach of contract. For employers, they draft contracts, staff handbooks and workplace policies that comply with employment legislation.
For employees, they may negotiate severance packages or bring claims before employment tribunals.
As workplace law evolves rapidly, especially regarding equality, flexible work and data protection employment, solicitors must stay updated on the latest legislation and case law.
6. Personal Injury Solicitors
Personal injury solicitors represent clients who have been injured due to accidents, negligence, or unsafe working conditions.
They help victims claim compensation for medical costs, loss of earnings or pain and suffering.
These solicitors often work on a “no win, no fee” basis, meaning they only get paid if the client’s case is successful.
Typical cases include road traffic accidents, workplace injuries, slips and falls and medical malpractice.
A good personal injury solicitor must have excellent investigative and negotiation skills, as well as compassion for clients recovering from trauma.
7. Immigration Solicitors
Immigration law is one of the most dynamic and complex areas of modern legal practice. Immigration solicitors help individuals, families and businesses navigate the constantly changing regulations that govern who can enter, live, or work in a country.
These solicitors assist clients with visa applications, work permits, student visas, asylum claims and citizenship applications. They also represent clients in appeals against deportation or refusal of entry. In some cases, they help reunite families separated by international borders.
For example, an immigration solicitor might help an employer obtain sponsorship licences for foreign workers or advise a refugee on their right to remain in the UK. They must stay updated with government policies, as immigration law can change rapidly based on political and economic conditions.
Immigration solicitors often work with vulnerable individuals, so cultural sensitivity, empathy, and patience are essential. Many work in private law firms, while others are employed by charities or non-profit organisations specialising in immigration and human rights.
8. Wills and Probate Solicitors
Everyone needs to think about what will happen to their assets after they pass away, and wills and probate solicitors help clients do just that.
They specialise in estate planning, drafting wills, managing trusts and handling probate – the legal process of administering a person’s estate after death.
When someone dies, their estate must be valued, debts paid and property distributed according to the will or, if there is no will, according to intestacy laws. Probate solicitors handle this entire process, ensuring that everything is done lawfully and efficiently.
They also assist with creating lasting powers of attorney, setting up family trusts and providing tax planning advice to minimise inheritance tax.
This field requires a combination of legal precision and emotional intelligence, as solicitors often work with grieving families. Confidentiality, patience, and professionalism are vital qualities.
9. Public Law and Human Rights Solicitors
Public law solicitors deal with cases involving government decisions and the actions of public authorities. Their work ensures that public bodies, such as government departments, councils, or police, act fairly, lawfully and within their powers.
A key part of this work is judicial review, where solicitors challenge unlawful or unfair decisions made by authorities.
Human rights solicitors, a closely related specialisation, protect individuals from violations of fundamental rights such as freedom of speech, privacy or protection from discrimination and abuse.
For example, a human rights solicitor might represent someone whose right to family life is threatened by deportation or who has been mistreated by a government agency.
Many of these solicitors work with NGOs, charities and advocacy groups, while others operate in specialist law firms focusing on constitutional or public interest law.
This area of practice is deeply rewarding for those passionate about justice, equality and civil liberties.
10. Intellectual Property (IP) Solicitors
In today’s digital and creative economy, ideas and innovations are valuable assets and intellectual property solicitors protect them.
IP solicitors specialise in laws that safeguard creations of the mind, including inventions, artistic works, designs, software, and brand identities.
They help clients register trademarks and patents, draft licensing agreements, and take legal action against infringement or plagiarism.
For instance, a company developing new technology might hire an IP solicitor to patent its invention and prevent competitors from copying it. A musician might rely on an IP solicitor to protect their songs and image.
This area of law combines creativity with technical knowledge and often involves international cases, as intellectual property disputes can cross borders.
11. Commercial Litigation Solicitors
Whenever a business dispute arises over contracts, partnerships or unpaid debts, a commercial litigation solicitor steps in.
These solicitors represent clients in commercial disputes, seeking resolution through negotiation, mediation, arbitration or court proceedings.
Their work can involve complex financial and contractual issues, so attention to detail, analytical skills and strategic thinking are essential.
While some cases are settled privately, others go to trial, where solicitors prepare detailed case files and collaborate with barristers for advocacy.
The ultimate goal is to protect the client’s commercial interests while minimising financial loss and reputational damage.
12. Environmental Law Solicitors
With climate change and sustainability issues becoming increasingly important, environmental solicitors are playing a growing role in modern law.
They advise both businesses and individuals on environmental regulations, pollution control, waste management and planning permissions.
For instance, an environmental solicitor might help a construction company comply with environmental impact assessments or represent a community group opposing a development that threatens wildlife habitats.
These solicitors must balance environmental protection with economic and social factors, requiring a strong understanding of both law and science.
13. Banking and Finance Solicitors
Banking and finance solicitors specialise in financial transactions, loans, investment structures and regulatory compliance.
They act for banks, investment firms and borrowers, drafting contracts for large financial deals, advising on lending regulations, and managing risks.
In addition to corporate finance, they may also handle personal banking issues, including mortgage disputes or consumer credit.
Given the complexity of financial markets, this role demands excellent numerical skills, commercial awareness and an understanding of global financial systems.
14. Construction Solicitors
Construction solicitors handle the legal aspects of building projects — from residential developments to major infrastructure works.
They draft and review contracts between property owners, contractors, architects, and suppliers, ensuring that everyone’s rights and obligations are clear.
When disputes arise over delays, quality of work, or payment, they help resolve them through negotiation or legal proceedings.
Construction solicitors must understand technical building terminology and industry standards, as well as the financial and regulatory aspects of construction projects.
15. Education Law Solicitors
Education solicitors advise schools, universities, students and parents on legal issues in the education sector.
Their work includes admissions disputes, exclusions, special educational needs, discrimination cases and compliance with educational standards.
They might represent students facing disciplinary actions or advise schools on policies related to safeguarding and data protection.
This area of law combines elements of public, employment, and human rights law — making it a broad yet rewarding specialisation for solicitors interested in social impact.
Where Do Different Types of Solicitors Work?
Not all solicitors work in the same kind of organisation. Depending on their expertise, interests and clients, solicitors may be employed in different professional settings.
Here are the main types:
1. Private Practice Solicitors
Private practice is the most common career path for solicitors. These professionals work in law firms, ranging from small local practices to large international firms.
They may specialise in a single area such as family law or corporate law – or work across multiple fields, depending on the firm’s size.
Private practice solicitors serve paying clients and are often involved in business development, client relations and billable work targets.
2. In-House Solicitors
In-house solicitors are employed directly by a company, public organisation or charity to manage its legal affairs internally.
Instead of serving external clients, they advise their employer on contracts, employment issues, compliance and corporate governance.
For example, a multinational company might hire an in-house solicitor to ensure its business practices comply with international trade laws.
In-house work is often less client-driven and more strategic, allowing solicitors to understand the business from the inside and play a key role in decision-making.
3. Government Solicitors
Government solicitors work for public sector bodies such as the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS), local councils, or government departments.
They handle matters like public contracts, prosecutions, human rights issues and administrative law.
For instance, a solicitor in the CPS prepares criminal cases for court, working closely with police and barristers.
Government legal work is varied and impactful, often involving policies and decisions that affect society as a whole.
4. Legal Aid Solicitors
Legal aid solicitors provide legal services to people who cannot afford private representation.
Funded by the government, they handle cases in areas like criminal defence, housing, family disputes and immigration.
Their work ensures that everyone, regardless of income, has access to justice.
This field requires compassion and a strong sense of public duty, as clients often face life changing situations.
5. Non-Profit and NGO Solicitors
Some solicitors choose to work for charities and non-governmental organisations (NGOs).
These solicitors often focus on human rights, environmental justice or social welfare. They may conduct research, campaign for legal reform or represent clients in public interest cases.
This kind of work can be highly rewarding for those motivated by ethical and humanitarian goals, though it may offer lower financial compensation compared to private practice.
How to Choose the Right Type of Solicitor
Selecting the right solicitor depends on your specific legal need. Here are some steps to make an informed choice:
1. Identify your legal issue.
○ Buying property? → Conveyancing solicitor.
○ Facing criminal charges? → Criminal law solicitor.
○ Need a visa? → Immigration solicitor.
2. Check specialisation and experience.
○ Look for a solicitor who has handled similar cases successfully.
3. Verify credentials.
○ Ensure the solicitor is registered with the Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA).
4. Compare fees and reviews.
○ Legal fees vary depending on experience and location. Many firms provide initial consultations or fixed-fee quotes.
5. Consider communication style.
○ Choose someone who explains the law clearly and listens to your concerns.
The right solicitor can make a complex legal process far more manageable and give you peace of mind that your case is being handled professionally.
What Are the Emerging Trends in the Solicitor Profession?
The legal profession, like every other industry, is evolving rapidly. The 21st century has brought technological, economic and social changes that continue to reshape how solicitors work and how legal services are delivered. Let’s look at some of the key trends influencing the future of solicitors.
1. The Rise of Legal Technology (LegalTech)
Technology is transforming the legal sector at every level. From digital document management to AI-assisted research and automated contract generation, solicitors today rely on software tools that make legal work faster and more efficient.
For example:
● Artificial intelligence is used to review contracts, predict case outcomes, and conduct due diligence.
● Blockchain technology is being adopted for secure digital transactions and smart contracts.
● Cloud-based systems enable solicitors to store client information securely and collaborate remotely.
These tools allow solicitors to focus more on strategic advice and client relationships, reducing time spent on routine administrative tasks.
However, the rise of LegalTech also means solicitors must adapt. They must understand data protection, cybersecurity, and how to balance efficiency with confidentiality. The solicitors who embrace technology while maintaining ethical standards will thrive in the coming decades.
2. The Growth of Online Legal Services
The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated a massive shift toward remote work and online consultation. Many solicitors now offer virtual meetings, digital document signing and online case management systems.
Clients increasingly prefer solicitors who are accessible online, as it saves time and makes legal help more convenient.
We’re seeing the rise of “online solicitors” who provide services such as will drafting, property conveyancing and immigration advice through secure digital platforms.
This trend is likely to grow, but it also raises new challenges in terms of client verification, digital signatures and privacy protection areas where legal professionals must stay vigilant.
3. Increasing Specialisation and Niche Expertise
Modern legal issues are becoming more specialised. While traditional practice areas like family or criminal law remain essential, new niches are emerging, such as:
● Data protection and privacy law (related to GDPR and cybersecurity)
● Environmental and sustainability law (for green energy, pollution, and climate regulation)
● Technology and AI law (covering intellectual property, automation, and ethics)
● Fintech and cryptocurrency law (covering digital assets, compliance, and blockchain disputes)
Solicitors who develop niche expertise in these areas will be in high demand, especially as businesses face new types of legal risk.
4. Flexible and Remote Working Models
Traditional law firms are giving way to flexible legal networks where solicitors can work remotely, collaborate virtually, and serve clients across regions.
This trend promotes work-life balance and opens up opportunities for solicitors who prefer freelance or part-time arrangements.
Hybrid law firms, which combine physical offices with virtual support systems, are becoming the new standard.
5. The Focus on Diversity, Inclusion, and Mental Health
The legal profession is increasingly aware of the need for diversity and well-being. Firms are adopting inclusive hiring practices and supporting mental health initiatives to create sustainable working environments.
Solicitors are also advocating for equality within the profession, ensuring opportunities for under-represented groups and promoting ethical workplace culture.
This shift is improving public trust in the legal profession and ensuring that solicitors reflect the diverse communities they serve.
Ethical and Professional Standards of Solicitors
The legal profession is built on trust. Because solicitors handle sensitive personal and business matters, they must adhere to strict ethical and professional codes.
In the UK, these standards are set by the Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA) and supported by The Law Society.
1. Duty to Clients
Solicitors must always act in the best interests of their clients. This includes providing honest advice, maintaining confidentiality and avoiding conflicts of interest.
A solicitor cannot represent two clients whose interests directly oppose each other in the same matter unless both give fully informed consent.
2. Confidentiality and Data Protection
Client confidentiality is a cornerstone of the solicitor-client relationship. All information shared by a client must be kept private, unless disclosure is legally required (for example, in cases involving serious criminal activity).
With the rise of digital communication, solicitors must also comply with data protection laws like the UK GDPR, ensuring secure handling of client information.
3. Honesty and Integrity
Solicitors are expected to uphold honesty and integrity in all professional dealings, both with clients and within the justice system. Misleading a court or concealing information is considered serious professional misconduct.
4. Competence and Continuous Learning
The law changes constantly, and solicitors must stay up to date through Continuing Professional Development (CPD). This includes ongoing education in new legislation, technology, and best practices.
5. Duty to the Court and Public Interest
Even though solicitors represent their clients, they also owe a duty to the court and to the public interest. They must not assist clients in dishonest or unlawful actions.
This balance between client loyalty and public duty is what maintains integrity within the justice system.
How Do Solicitors Work With Other Legal
Professionals?
The legal system operates as a team effort. Solicitors often collaborate with other professionals to deliver comprehensive legal services.
Here’s how that collaboration works:
1. Solicitors and Barristers
In the UK, the legal profession is traditionally divided between solicitors & barristers.
● Solicitors handle client communication, case preparation and documentation.
● Barristers are courtroom specialists who present cases before higher courts.
When a case requires courtroom advocacy, the solicitor instructs a barrister to represent the client. The solicitor provides all evidence, witness statements and legal research, ensuring the barrister can present a strong argument.
This partnership ensures clients receive both thorough preparation and expert representation.
2. Solicitors and Paralegals
Paralegals support solicitors by performing research, drafting documents and managing case files.
They play a vital role in keeping cases organised and cost-effective. Many law firms rely heavily on skilled paralegals to assist in both routine and complex matters.
3. Solicitors and Legal Executives
Chartered Legal Executives are qualified professionals who specialise in specific areas of law, such as conveyancing or family law.
They often work alongside solicitors in law firms, sharing responsibilities and expertise. The distinction between solicitors and legal executives is narrowing, and both are recognised as valuable legal practitioners.
4. Solicitors and Expert Witnesses
In complex cases such as medical negligence or construction disputes – solicitors often work with expert witnesses who provide specialist opinions.
These experts help the solicitor and court understand technical evidence, which can be critical to the case outcome.
Real-World Examples of Solicitor Roles
To understand how different types of solicitors function in practice, let’s look at some illustrative examples:
Example 1: A Family Law Case
A couple decides to divorce after ten years of marriage. They own a home, share finances and have two children.
A family solicitor helps them:
● Negotiate custody and visitation agreements,
● Divide assets and manage property transfers,
● Draft a legally binding divorce settlement.
The solicitor ensures the process is fair, transparent and compliant with family law regulations, helping both parties avoid unnecessary conflict.
Example 2: A Corporate Merger
A technology startup is being acquired by a larger firm. The corporate solicitor conducts due diligence, reviews financial records and drafts the acquisition agreement.
They also ensure compliance with competition law and protect the interests of the startup’s shareholders.
Without such legal oversight, the merger could face regulatory issues or disputes later. A Criminal Defence Case
A person accused of theft is arrested and questioned by the police. A criminal law solicitor attends the interview, advises the client on their rights and ensures fair treatment.
If the case goes to trial, the solicitor works with a barrister to prepare evidence and build a defence strategy.
A Property Purchase
A couple buying their first home hires a conveyancing solicitor to handle the transaction.
The solicitor reviews the contract, checks for outstanding debts or disputes on the property and registers ownership with the Land Registry.
This ensures a smooth transfer and protects the buyers from future legal problems.
An Immigration Appeal
An immigrant facing deportation seeks help from an immigration solicitor.
The solicitor gathers supporting documents, prepares a legal argument citing human rights law and represents the client at an immigration tribunal.
Their expertise can mean the difference between staying with family or being forced to leave the country.
Challenges Facing Solicitors Today
While the profession remains respected and rewarding, solicitors face modern challenges that shape how they work:
1. High competition and client expectations: Clients now expect faster, cheaper and more transparent services.
2. Technological disruption: Automation may replace some routine legal work.
3. Regulatory pressures: Compliance with data, privacy and anti-money laundering rules is more demanding than ever.
4. Workload and stress: Many solicitors struggle with long hours and the pressure to meet deadlines or billable targets.
5. Economic uncertainty: Changes in government policy or market conditions can impact demand for legal services.
Despite these obstacles, the legal profession continues to evolve — focusing more on client service, ethical integrity, and innovation.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) About Solicitors
1. What is the difference between a solicitor and a barrister?
A solicitor primarily advises clients, prepares documents and manages cases, while a barrister specialises in courtroom advocacy. In many cases, a solicitor instructs a barrister to represent a client in higher courts.
2. Can one solicitor handle multiple types of law?
Yes, some solicitors are general practitioners, especially in smaller towns, but most specialise in one or two areas to maintain expertise and efficiency.
3. How much does a solicitor cost?
Costs vary based on location, experience and complexity. Some solicitors offer fixed fees, while others charge hourly rates. Legal aid may be available for those with limited means.
4. How do I check if my solicitor is qualified?
You can verify a solicitor’s credentials on the Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA) website, which lists all registered and practising solicitors.
5. Can solicitors represent clients in court?
Yes, solicitors can appear in lower courts. With additional qualifications (as solicitor advocates), they can also represent clients in higher courts like the Crown Court or High Court.
Conclusion:
The world of law is vast, and solicitors are the guiding professionals who make it understandable and accessible. From protecting your business to defending your rights or managing your family affairs, there’s a solicitor for every legal need.
Knowing the types of solicitors helps individuals and organisations find the right expertise saving time, money, and stress.
In today’s ever-changing world, solicitors are not just legal experts; they are trusted advisors, problem-solvers and ethical guardians of justice. As law and technology continue to evolve, the profession will remain at the heart of fairness, accountability and social stability.
